Maleic Anhydride (CAS: 108-31-6) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₄H₂O₃. It is a colorless or white crystalline solid that has a pungent odor. Maleic anhydride is a highly reactive compound and is mainly used in the production of unsaturated polyester resins, plasticizers, and various other industrial chemicals.
Key Properties:
- Appearance: Maleic anhydride is a colorless or white crystalline solid.
- Punto di fusione: It has a melting point of 52°C (126°F).
- Punto di ebollizione: Its boiling point is 202°C (396°F).
- Solubility: Maleic anhydride is soluble in alcohols, acetone, ether, and benzene, but only slightly soluble in water.
- Odor: It has a strong, acrid odor that is characteristic of anhydrides.
Common Uses:
- Unsaturated Polyester Resins: Maleic anhydride is a key component in the production of unsaturated polyester resins. These resins are widely used in the manufacture of fiberglass, automotive parts, and coatings.
- Plasticizers: Maleic anhydride is used in the synthesis of plasticizers, particularly those for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), to increase flexibility and durability.
- Agriculture: It is used in the production of pesticides, including fungicides and herbicides. Maleic anhydride is also involved in plant growth regulators.
- Chemical Synthesis: Maleic anhydride is used in the production of pharmaceuticals, food additives, and adhesives. It is a precursor to a variety of chemicals such as 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid, and tetrahydrofuran.
- Resins and Coatings: It is used to produce alkyd resins and coatings, which are commonly used in paints, varnishes, and surface coatings for metal, wood, and plastics.
- Lubricants: Maleic anhydride is also involved in making lubricants, especially for high-performance automotive applications.
Health and Safety:
- Toxicity: Maleic anhydride can be harmful if inhaled, ingested, or in contact with the skin. It can cause respiratory irritation, skin burns, and eye damage. Protective equipment should be used when handling it.
- Environmental Impact: It is considered hazardous to aquatic life and should be disposed of properly to prevent contamination of water sources.
Conclusion:
Maleic anhydride is a highly reactive chemical used primarily in the production of unsaturated polyester resins, plasticizers, and other chemical derivatives. It is essential in a range of industries, including automotive, construction, agriculture, and coatings. Proper handling and safety precautions are important due to its irritant properties and potential environmental impact.
