Phenol is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C₆H₆O. It consists of a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a benzene ring. It is also known as carbolic acid and has a distinct, sweet-smelling odor.
Key Properties:
- Physical Appearance: Phenol is a colorless or white crystalline solid at room temperature, but it turns pinkish when exposed to air.
- Solubility: It is moderately soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol and ether.
- Acidity: Phenol is weakly acidic due to the hydroxyl group, which can donate a proton (H⁺) to form phenoxide ions.
- Toxicity: It is corrosive and can be harmful if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin. Proper handling and safety precautions are necessary.
Common Uses:
- Chemical Industry: Phenol is a key starting material in the production of plastics like phenolic resins and polycarbonate.
- Pharmaceuticals: It is used in the production of drugs and antiseptics, including aspirin and some throat lozenges.
- Disinfectants: Due to its antibacterial properties, phenol is used in disinfectants and antiseptic solutions.
- Manufacture of Dyes: Phenol is used as a precursor in the synthesis of synthetic dyes and other chemicals.
- Agriculture: It is used in small amounts as a pesticide and fungicide.
Phenol is an important industrial chemical with various applications, though it must be handled with care due to its toxicity and corrosive nature.
